Fatalism in Iranian Stories with an Emphasis on Hormozghan Stories
Document Type : پژوهشی اصیل
Authors
1
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hormozgan University, Bandarabas, Iran.
2
Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Jiroft University, Jiroft, Iran
Abstract
The idea of predestination and free will and the role or lack of fate in life events have always existed in the minds of thinkers and have been reflected in different ways and works. The common people have been involved with these two dimensions, and its manifestations have entered the folklore and native literature of a land and region. The purpose of this article was to examine the deterministic view in the folktales of Hormozghan province, from perspectives such as the roots and reasons for the spread of this idea, those quarreling fate, the degree of fit between fate and an individual's competence, the issues supported by fate, among others. Reasons such as the inability of the populace to make changes and achieve their desired goals, religious and historical roots and the remnants of some Zurvanism beliefs are among the factors that lead to this idea. Emphasizing the role of fate is one of the weak points of plot in these stories and the weakening of rational actions. There is no logical connection in many cases in terms of the proportionality of the power of fate and a person's ability. In these stories, fate is present as an active and powerful fictional character or as a judge who regulates their actions and results so that, in the end, the supported character is defeated against powerful quarrelers such as the king. From the thematic point of view, the most frequent topic supported by fate is the marriage of two characters.
Keywords
Subjects
The Holy Quran
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Baghdadi, A. (1954). Al-farq bein al-Feraq (translated into Farsi by M. Mashkoor). Haqiqat bookstore.
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Dashti, M. (2012). Hafiz and the category of predestination and free will. Textual Criticism of Persian literature, 2(5), 39-66.
Ghathas (1998). Report from A. Pourdawood. Asatir.
Golanbari, O., & Azizifar, A. (2020) A study on reflection of Zarwani beliefs in Iranian written folk tales: the case of Darabnameh and Hamza's story. Journal of Iran History, 1(13), 51-76.
Hafez, S. (2004). Diwan (edited by Kh. Khatib Rahbar). Safi Alisha.
Hinels, J. (1989). Knowledge of Iranian mythology (translated into Farsi by J. Amouzgar and A. Tafazoli). Cheshmeh
Jahazi, N. (2008). Legends of the south. Madabber.
Jamasab Asana, V. (1992). Pahlavi texts. National Library.
Karimian, F. (2018). Transliteration and rewriting of a part of Hashnizi popular literature stories. Master thesis of Persian Language and Literature, Hormozgan University.
Karmi, A. (2006). Free will and determinism from the viewpoint of the Qur'an and Islamic theology. Quranic Researches, 48(2), 108-127.
Kavyani-Poya, H. (2010). Free will and determinism in ancient Iran. The Journal of Historians, 21(6), 116-134.
Mibodi, A. (1978). Kashf Al.asrar (edited by A. Hikmat). Amir Kabir..
Mirsadeqi, J. (2015) Story elements. Sokhan.
Mostameli Bukhari, A. (2015). Sharhe Al-Ta'arrof. Asatir.
Navoki, A. (2018). Stories and other elements of Hormozgan folk culture. Master's thesis in Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas.
Neishaburi, F. (2009). Al-izah. Institute of Al-Tarikh Al-Arabi.
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Nikoobakht, N. (2017). Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhi and the problem of fate and freedom. Mytho-Mystic Literature, 15(5), 185-157.
Nyberg, H. (2004). Religions of ancient Iran (translated into Farsi by S. Najmabadi). Shahid Bahonar University.
Pak, J., Rifatnejad, M., & Abdullahzadeh, R. (2015). A comparative study on fate and its relation with determinism and free will in Tafsir-e Kabir and Al-Mizan. Commentary Studies, 25(7), 153-174.
Rastegar, A. W. (2010). Review of oral literature and native stories of Parsian (Gavbandi) of Hormozga. Master's Thesis of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University.
Sajjadi, F., & Pezeshki, N. (2014). Reflection determinism and the Kalile and Dimne̛hs Bahram Shahi. Quarterly Journal of Literary and Rhetorical Research, 8(2), 46-57.
Shahrestani, A. (1971). Al-Melal Al-Nehal. Iqbal.
Sheikh Sadouq (1992). Al-Itaqadat fi Din Al-emamiyah. Dar al-Mufid.
Shirvani, A. (1999). Translation and description of Kashf al-Morad. Dar ul-elm.
