Negative Teachings in Some Persian Proverbs
Document Type : پژوهشی اصیل
Author
Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran.
Abstract
persian proverbs are one of the oldest literary examples that have influenced the speech and behavior of the iranian people since ancient times. due to the fact that proverbs are derived from the taste, knowledge and experience of different classes of society, their acceptance and popularity among the people has also been high. research in the proverbs of society helps to better understand different aspects of society's life and culture, and in this way, neglected aspects of public culture will be studied and investigated more precisely. some negative teachings and bad habits spread in a language through proverbs. this article has examined these aspects in persian proverbs and while emphasizing the existence of good teachings in most persian proverbs, it has also discussed the bad teachings of some of them. ridiculous jokes about the lands and the inhabitants of each land or its people, humiliation of those who have different religious beliefs, humiliation of some physical characteristics, ridicule of some family roles and especially women's roles, completely passive fatalism, justification of unpleasant behaviors such as intellectual tyranny and mocking jokes with some special names and similar negative teachings can be seen in persian proverbs.
Keywords
Subjects
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Bahmanyar, A. (2002). Bahmaniari's story. Tehran University Press.
Dehkhoda, A. A. (2007). Proverbs and wisdoms (4 volumes). Amir Kabir Publications.
Ferdowsi, A. (2007). Shahnameh (edited by Jalal Khaleghi Motlaq). Center for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia.
Hafez, Sh. M. (1996). Divan-e-Hafez (edited by Parviz Natel Khanlari). Kharazmi Publications.
Jafari Qanawati, M. (2021). An introduction to Iranian folklore. Jami Publications.
Jamasab, J. (2019). Pahlavi texts (translated by Saeed Orian). Elmi Publications.
Luke, S. (n.d.). The story of Jesus Christ (Persian translation of the Gospel of Luke). Anonymous.
Mahjoub, M. J. (2007). Folk literature of Iran (edited by Hasan Zolfaqari). Cheshmeh Publishing.
Masoumi, M., & Rahiminjad, V. (2011). Women and gender proverbs. Persian Language and Literature Quarterly of Sanandaj Azad University, 11, 135-158.
Mawlavi, J. M. (1997). Masnavi (edited by Reynolds Nicholson). Phoenix.
Mohammad Hosseinzadeh, A., et al. (2016). Investigating the truthfulness of proverbs in Persian prose texts in relation to religious teachings. Persian Literature Prose Study, 42, 185-203.
Nezami Ganjei, E. (2009). Haft Paykar (edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi). Qatre Publishing.
Perry, J. R. (2014). Haydari and Nemati (translated by Mohammad Jalal Makhani). Jundishapour, 4, 129-135.
Pourazimi, S., & Ghahremaniarshad, M. (2011). Backgrounds of authoritarianism in Persian proverbs. Literary criticism, 20, 73-98.
Saadi, M. (2006). Koliyate Saadi (edited by Mohammad Ali Foroughi). Hermes Publications.
Safa, Z. (2011). History of Iranian literature. Volume II. Ferdows Publications.
Sanayi, M. (2017). Hadiqat ol Haqiqah (edited by Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi and Seyyed Mahdi Zarqani). Sokhan Publications.
Shafi'i Kadkani, M. R. (1998). The magic of proximity. Bukhara, 2, 16-26.
Zolfaghari, H. (2007). Reflection of social issues in Persian proverbs. Njavai Farhang, 3, 15-24.
Zolfaghari, H. (2010). A large collection of Persian proverbs (2 volumes). Moin Publications.
Zolfaghari, H. (2011). Family and family relations in Persian proverbs. Iranian People's Culture, 31, 137-154.
