A Comparative- Interdisciplinary Inquiry of Persian Proverbs and the Hierarchy of Human Needs
Document Type : پژوهشی اصیل
Authors
1
Hakim Sabzevari University of, Sabzevar, Iran
2
Hakim Sabzevari University
Abstract
The concept of Comparison has been so long-lasting and durable that they can be taken into account as both humanistic and social tradition. This field of research, which first had a transnational, translinguistic and transcultural nature, was connected with interdisciplinary studies in the 20th century. In the present research study, the authors intend to, with a view toward comparative literature, study the samples of psychology theory of “pyramid of needs” by Abraham Maslow in Persian Proverbs. The purpose of the study is to, through a psycho-literary analysis of this concept; reveal the scope and capacity of each discipline in offering new horizons for future research. The results of this study show that the ideas which are proposed by humanistic psychologist to represent a motivational analysis of human behavior, such as the one proposed by Maslow, have already been considered in Persian literature in an explicit or implicit manner. This study, for the first time in Persian literature, analyzes Persian proverbs based on the 8 needs of Maslow ‘s pyramid and propose two major findings: a) the effectiveness of a psychological theory in relationship to folk literature is proven and b) a better understanding of the value of Persian proverbs in representing mental and abstract concepts is gained.
Keywords
Subjects
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Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. (2007). Personality theories (translated into Farsi by Y. Seyed Mohammadi). Virayesh.
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Bahrevar, M. (2008). Rereading Molavi's biography with regard to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Gnostic Studies, 10, 87-118.
Bland A. M., & DeRobertis E. M. (2019). Humanistic Perspectiv", In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Virgil Zeigler-Hill and Todd K. Shackelford, Switzerland: Springer, Cham.
Cameron W. B., & McCormick T. C. (1954). Concepts of security and insecurity. American Journal of Sociology, 59(6), 556-564.
Carver, Ch., & Shier, M. (2009). Personality theories (translated into Farsi by A. Rezvani). Beh Nashr.
Feist J., Feist, G., & Roberts, T. (2017) Theories of personality. McGraw-Hill Education.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. (2009). Personality theories (translated into Farsi by Y. Seyed Mohammadi). Ravan.
Jami, A. (2011). Baharestan (edited by E. Hakimi). Etelaat.
Jost, F. (1974). Introduction to comparative literature. The Bobbs-Merrill Company.
Kohut, H. (1966). Forms and transformations of narcissism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14, 243-272.
Markowitz, J. C., & Weissman, M. M. (2012). Interpersonal psychotherapy: past, present and future. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(2), 99–105. doi:10.1002/cpp.1774.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper and Row.
Maslow, A. H. (1970a). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row.
Maslow, A. H. (1970b). Religions, values, and peak experiences. Penguin.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
McLeod, S. A. (2018). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html.
Meibodi, A. (1993). Kashf ol-Asrar and Odatet el-Abrar (edited by A. Hekmat). Amir Kabir.
Milner, A. (1996). Literature, culture and society. UCL.
Nezami Aruzi (1998). Char Maghaleh (edited by M. Yahaghi). Zavar.
Nowrozi, Z., et al. (2012). Investigation of Bahram's character in Haft Paykar according to Maslow's theory. Textual Criticism of Persian Literature, 48(4), 17-32.
Onsorolmali Kikavus (1988). Qaboosnameh (edited by Q. Yousefi). Elmi-Farhangi.
Prochaska J.O., & Norcross J.C. (2018) Systems of psychotherapy: A trans-theoretical analysis. Oxford University Press.
Remak, H. (1961). Comparative literature, its definition and function. In Comparative Literature: Method and Perspective, N. Stallknecht & H. Frenz (eds), Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press.
Salehi, P., & Bagheri, K. (2022). Analysis of the main character of the novel Ayam Meah based on Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization. Arabic Literature, 13(4), 87-107.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. A. (2012). Theories of personality. Wadsworth Publishing.
Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. (2007). Personality theories (translated into Farsi by Y. Seyed Mohammadi). Virayesh.
Uysal, H. T., Aydemir, S., & Genc, E. (2017). Maslow's hierarchy of needs in 21st century: the examination of vocational differences. In H. Arapgirlioğlu, R. L. Elliott, E. Turgeon, A. Atik, Researches on Science and Art in 21st Century, Ankara, Gece Publishing.
Wellek, R. (1963). Concepts of criticism: essays (edited by Stephen G. Nichols, Jr). Yale UP.
Zolfaghari, H. (2009). The great dictionary of Persian proverbs. Moin.
