A Complement to Another Meaning of the Word "ÄzÄr" in ShÄhnÄmeh and the Need to Correct Three Verses of This Work
Document Type : پژوهشی اصیل
Author
PhD Graduate of Persian Language and Literature of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
To the best of the author’s knowledge, Shāhnāmeh scholars have used another meaning of the word "Āzār" in the hemistich "bar in Khastegihā bar āzār kist" and have defined "Āzār" as "a kind of burning medicine or ointment that is rubbed on the wound". The author here has used the word "Āzārchoob" as a variety of the word "Āzār" through a medicinal plant, called "Āzārchoob" which is frequently used as a pain reliever to bruises or fractures in Fars province. He has considered "Āzārchoob" as another evidence of the meaning of "Āzār" to "ointment" in this hemistich of Shāhnāmeh. Therefore, it is necessary to record and correct the word "kist" in the intended hemistich, which appears in some editions of Shāhnāmeh, especially in the edition of Khaleghi Mutlaq by considering the meaning of "Āzār" and according to the recording of some versions of this word in Khaleghi Mutlaq's edition, as "Chist". In addition, it is advised to go for the recording and correction of "tan-āzār" and changing it into "bar āzār" in the hemistich "bar in Khastegihā tan-āzār Chist" in line with the recording of some copies in the print of the Absolute Creator. In the same way, the statement "Āzār-e Kist" should be corrected to "āzār Chist" in the hemistich "bar ān Khastegihā bar āzār-e kist", according to the recording of some copies in the print of the Absolute Creator.
Keywords
Subjects
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Shamisa, S. (1997). The main plot of the story of Rostam and Esfandiar (along with discussions on the Mehr ritual). Mitra publication.
Shoar, J., & Anvari, H. (2003). Rostam and Esfandiar's memoirs. Nashre Ghatreh.
Vafadar, A. (2009). Vafadar poems. Setahban.
Al Ebrahim, M. R. (2022). Medical background in Estahban. Setahban.
Amrollahi Jalalabadi, A., et al. (2021). Study about Indigenous knowledge of plants in Goghar Baft rangelands, Kerman province. Indigenous Knowledge, 14, 369ـ242.
Anvari, H. (1992). The story of Rostam and Esfandiar (order 2 part 2). Payam Noor University Printing and Publishing Center.
Dehkhoda, A. (1998). Dictionary. Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University.
Ferdowsi, A. (1992). Shahnameh (edited by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh) (vol. 3) Iran Heritage Foundation.
Ferdowsi, A. (1997). Shahnameh (edited by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh) (vol. 5). Mazda Publications in cooperation with Iran Heritage Foundation.
Ferdowsi, A. (2007). Shahnameh (edited by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh) (vol. 8). Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center (Iranian and Islamic Research Center).
Hakim Meysari. (1987). Encyclopaedia of medical science: the oldest medical collection in Persian poetry. Institute of Islamic Studies of McGill University in collaboration with University of Tehran.
Hekmat, A. (2005). And but next. Darolfekr.
Hekmat, A. (2014). Estehban dictionary (vocabulary, combinations and similes). Culture and Art Entrepreneurs Cooperative Company.
Joveini, A. (1988). The battle of ideas in Rostam and Esfandiar's epic from the manuscript of the Leningrad Museum (733): analysis of the story and description of the verses. Publishing and Printing Institute of Tehran University.
Kazzazi, J. (2011). Ancient Name: Editing and report of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Volume 9 (from the kingdom of Khosroparviz to the kingdom of Yazdgerd). Organization for Studying and Compiling Humanities Books of Universities (SAMT), Center for Research and Development of Humanities.
Kazzazi, J. (2012). Ancient Name: Editing and report of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Volume 6 (from the kingdom of Lohrasp to the kingdom of Daray-e Darab), Organization for Studying and Compiling Humanities Books of Universities (SAMT), Center for Research and Development of Humanities.
Khatibi, A. (2021). Comment: Abolfazl Khatibi's writings in the field of Shahnamehology and Iranology. Personal website, [Accessed February 2, 2021]. >http://a-khatibi.blogspot.com/2014/05/blog-post_29.html>
Malmir, T. (2019). Criticism of Rostam and Esfandiar's textbooks in the explanation of meanings and words. Contemporary Persian Literature, 1, 213ـ232.
Nasri, S. (2012). A review of the antinociceptive use of medicinal plants in Iran. Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 3, 293ـ310.
Ranjbar, A. (2008). Investigating the effect of Solenanthus circinnatus hydroalcoholic extract on acute inflammation caused by carrageenan in male rats. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 91, 349ـ353.
Ranjbar, A. (2009). Analgesic effect of Solenanthus circinnatus hydroalcoholic extract in male rats. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 101, 660ـ668.
Sabetghadam, M. (2011). Estahban. Payam-e Baharestan (Traditional Medicine Special), 14, 53ـ63.
Sadeghi, A. (2013). A comprehensive dictionary of the Persian language, Volume 1 (letter A). The Cultural Center of Persian Language and Literature.
Shamisa, S. (1997). The main plot of the story of Rostam and Esfandiar (along with discussions on the Mehr ritual). Mitra publication.
Shoar, J., & Anvari, H. (2003). Rostam and Esfandiar's memoirs. Nashre Ghatreh.
Vafadar, A. (2009). Vafadar poems. Setahban.
