Returning from Death in Iranian Folk Tales
Document Type : پژوهشی اصیل
Author
MA. in Iranology, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
The reasons for the appearance of death and the reaction to it are different for the various characters of the story. This question becomes obvious when his hero or his beloved is dead in the middle of the story. The end being favorable to the requirements of folk tales, the narrator finds a way to tackle this problem and it is the return of the dead to the death. In this paper, the author has tried to look at the story of the return of death and its relationship with folklore in stories. The statistical population of this research includes a variety of stories whose content is the return of death. First, by studying Ulrich Marzolf's book entitled “typology of Persian folk tales”, 12 stories have been identified. Various stories of these stories have also been found in popular sampling books and analyzed through content analysis. While studying these stories, the author of the present study discovered that the narrator has used the idea of a return to death either to make the story more suspicious and beautiful, or to convey a particular message to the public in its history. The passage of time, new discoveries of humanity and historical events have undoubtedly contributed to the development of these stories. Finally, through content analysis of the stories, it is possible to conclude that although the problem of the return of death has taken many forms over the years and that its evolution goes from myth to magic and from magic to religion, the major theme which is return from death has been the fix element in different narratives.
Keywords
Subjects
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Mirsadeghi, Jamal, (?). Fiction, Tale, Short Story, Novel, Tehran, Mahoor Cultural Inc.
Enjavi Shirazi, Abolghasem, (1974). Iranian Tales, Tehran: AmirKabir
Behrangi, Samad, Dehghani Behrooz, (1969). The Azerbaijani Tales, Nil Publication.
Barfar (2009), Plant Fairies, Research in Persian Language and Literature, 14 (4), 127-146. http://literature.ihss.ac.ir/Article/1394062311180180
Khazaee, Hamidreza, (2002). The Khurasan Tales, Mashad: Mahjan Publacation.
Darian, Hussain, (1984). The Treasuries of Azeri Literature, Tehran: Elham Publication.
Daryab, Saman, Vahdatinasab, Hamed, (2014). Neanderthal Man: Death and Death Awareness, Iranian Journal of Anthropology Research, 1(4), 131-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijar.2014.55492
Frazer, James George, (2009). Golden Bough, Translated by Kazem Firouzmand, Tehran: Agah Publication.
Gholipour Kalmarzi, Fatemeh et al. (2001). Yoush Village’s Anthropological Study, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran, Anthropology Institute Archive.
Gregor, Arthur, (1982). Witchcraft and magic: the supernatural world of primitive man, Translated by Parviz Najafiani, Tehran: Ataee Publication.
Marzolph, Ulrich, (1992). The Typology of Iranian Tales, Translated by Kaykavoos Jahandari, Tehran, Soroush Publication.
Monajati Iraj et al. (1994). Zanjan’s Tales, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran, Zanjan’s Anthropology Institute Archive.
Vakilian, Ahmad, (1998). Iranian Poems and Tales, Tehran: Soroush Publication.
Yalom, Irvin D., (2012). Staring at the Sun, Translated by Mehdi Ghabrayi, Tehran: Nikoo Publication.
Jung, Carl G., (2012). Man and His Symbols, Translated by Mahmood Soltaniyeh, Tehran: Jami Publication.
Masse, Henri, (1938). Croyance et Coutumes Persanes Suivies de Contes et Chanson Populaires, Paris: Librairie Oriantale et Americaine.
Shipley, J.(1970). Dictionary of World Literary Terms. Boston: The Writer Inc.
Zabihnia Emran, A., Pordel, Z. (2017). Analysis of Human being’s Transmutation in written legends of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Culture and Folk Literature, 5(12), 1-25.
Zolfaghari, Hassan, (2015). Iranians' Folk Belief, Tehran: Cheshmeh Publications.
Najm al-Din Razi, (1961). The Path of God's Bondsmen from Origin to Return, Tehran, Majles Publications.
Mahjoob, Mohammad Jafar, (2003). Iran's Folk Literature, Gathered by Hassan Zolfaghari, Tehran: Cheshmeh Publications.
Mirsadeghi, Jamal, (?). Fiction, Tale, Short Story, Novel, Tehran, Mahoor Cultural Inc.
