نمودهایی از فرهنگ عامۀ آذربایجان در شعر نظامی گنجوی
نویسندگان
1
دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران
2
دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران
3
دانشیار زبان شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران
4
دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، ایران.
چکیده
فرهنگ عامه انعکاسی است از اندیشه و ذوق طبقات اجتماعی مختلف که به مرور زمان و براساس تجربه شکل گرفته است. این فرهنگ و نمودهای مختلف آن با توجه به قدرت اقناع‌کنندگی و گاه ویژگی های ادبی، به مرور از کلام مردم عادی فراتر می رود و با ورود به سپهر ادبی شاعران، گاه موجب ابهام در شعر آنها می شود. بررسی فرهنگ عامیانه در شعر شاعران، می تواند دریچه ای برای شناخت یکی از آبشخورهای فکری آن ها و درک هرچه بهتر اندیشه ها و تخیلاتشان باشد. نظامی مانند بسیاری دیگر از شاعران بزرگ ادب فارسی در آثارش از ضرب‌المثل های فراوانی که حاصل آشنایی با فرهنگ های مختلف است، سود برده است. علاوه بر ضرب‌المثل های فارسی، نمودهای ادبیات عامۀ منطقۀ آذربایجان نیز در شعر وی قابل مشاهده است. آگاهی از ضرب‌المثل ها و اصطلاحات عامیانۀ رایج در منطقۀ مذکور، می تواند مخاطب را در درک بهتر شعر نظامی یاری کند. در مقاله حاضر تعدادی از ضرب‌المثل ها و اصطلاحات عامیانه در شعر نظامی را بازکاوی کرده و کوشیده‌ایم به کمک آنها توضیح گویاتری از بیت هایی که مشتمل بر این ضرب‌المثل ها و اصطلاحات هستند، ارائه دهیم. نکته دیگر اینکه براساس یافته‌های نوشتۀ پیش رو، می‌توان گفت برخی از ضرب‌المثل هایی که در منابع مختلف به نام نظامی ثبت شده، صرفاً حاصل خلاقیت او نبوده و از محیط زندگی وی وام گرفته شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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Zolfaghari, Hasan. (2009). farhang-e bozorg-e zarbolmasalha-ye farsi (Great Dictionary of Persian Proverbs), Moein Press, Tehran.
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Anvari, Hasan. (2002). frahang-e Bozorge Sokhan (The Great Dictionary of Sokhan), Sokhan Press, Tehran.
Bahmanyar, Ahmad. (2002). dastanname-ye Bahmanyari (Bahmanyari’s storybook), Tehran University Press, Tehran.
Beig Babapour, Yusof and Ehsan Shokrkhodaei. (2017). pare’i az jan (A Part of the Soul), Tak Derakht Press, Tehran.
Dehkhoda, Aliakbar. (2011). amsal va hekam (Proverbs and Adages), Amir Kabir Publication, Tehran.
Elhami, Fatemeh. (1997). barrasi-ye jelveha-ye farhang-e dar she’r-e Nezami (Studying the Manifestations of folkloric elements in Nezami’s poem), MA thesis, faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran.
Gheybi, Mahmoudreza. (2004). barrasi-ye navader-e farhange amme dar Khamse-ye nezami (Studying Infrequent folkloric elements in the Khamse_ye Nezami of Ganja), MA thesis, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Tabriz University, Tabriz.
Hedayat, Sadegh. (1999). Farhamg-e amiyane-ye mardom-e iran (Folk Culture of the Iranian People), Cheshmeh Press, Tehran.
Homayi, Jalaloddin. (2007). fonun balaqat va sana’at-e adabi (Rhetoric and Literary Arts), Homa Press, Tehran.
Jafari, Mohammad. (2021). daramadi bar folklore-e Iran (An Introduction to Iranian Folklore), 5th edition, Jami, Tehran.
Karimi Gharehbaba, Sa’id. (2022). mo’arrefi-ye zarbolmasali faramushshode dar Haftpeykar va barrasi-ye ab’ade ostureshenakhti va folklorike an (Introducing a forgotten proverb in Haftpeykar and studying its mythological and folkloric Aspects), Quarterly Journal of Interpretation and Analysis of Texts of Persian Language and Literature, Volume 14. Issue 52. pp. 162-189.
Khaghani, Badil ibn Ali. (1994). divan (divan), fourth edition, edited by Ziya’oddin Sajjadi, Zavvar Press, Teahran.
Khorram, Mohsen. (1983). amsal va hekam dar Khamse-ye Nezami (Proverbs and Adages in the Khamse_ye Nezami) MA thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.
Mahjoub, Mohammadja’far. (2003). Adabiyyat-e amiyaneh-e Iran (Folk Literature of Iran), edited by Hassan Zolfaghari, Cheshmeh Perss, Tehran.
Nezami, Elyas ibn Yusof. (2002). Haftpeykar (Haftpeykar), edited by Barat Zanjani, Tehran University Press, Tehran.
---------. (2007). Khosrowo Shirin (Khosrow and Shirin), edited by Behrouz Servatiyan, Amir Kabir Publication, Teharn.
---------. (2008). Haftpeykar (Haftpeykar), edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi, compiled by Sa’id Hamidiyan. Ghatreh Press, Tehran.
---------. (2009). Sharafnameh (Sharafnameh), edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi, compiled by Sa’id Hamidiyan. Ghatreh Press, Tehran.
---------. (2009). Makhzanulasrar (Makhzan-ul-Asrar), edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi, compiled by Sa’id Hamidiyan. Ghatreh Press, Tehran.
---------. (2010). Leyli-yo Majnun (Leily and Majnun), edited by Behrouz Servatiyan, 2nd edition. Tehran University Press, Tehran.
---------. (2011). Khosrowo Shirin (Khosrow and Shirin), edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi, compiled by Sa’id Hamidiyan. Ghatreh Press, Tehran.
---------. (2012). Leyli-yo Majnun (Leily and Majnun), edited by Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi, compiled by Sa’id Hamidiyan. Ghatreh Press, Tehran.
Panahi Semnani, Hossein. (1990). farhang va amme va farhang-e amme (Culture and People and folklore, Knowledge and People, Issue 2, pp. 205-206.
Purqasemi, Sirus. (2002). barrasi-ye e’teqadat-e amme dar Khamse-ye Nezami (studing the common believes in Khamse_ye Nezami ) MA thesis, Tarbiat Mo’alem University, Tehran.
Raduyani, Mohammad ibn Omar. (2002). tarjoman al balaqah (Tarjuman Al–Balaqah), edited and annotated by Ahmad Atash, translated by Tofigh Sobhani, Tehran University Press, Tehran.
Serwat, Mansur. (1993). vazheha, mafahim va amsal-e turki dar asar-e hakim Nezami (Turkish Words, Concepts and Proverbs in the works of Hakim Nezami), proceedings of the International Congress on the Ninth Century of the Birth of Hakim Nezami of Ganjav), Volume 3, Tabriz University, Tabriz.
Shafiei Kadkani. Mohammadreza. (1996). Sovar-e khiyal dar she’r-e farsi (Imagination in Persian Poetry), Agah Publication, Tehran.
Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein. (1993). PIR-e ganje dar jostejuye nakoja’abad (Pir of Ganja in the Search of Nowhere), Sokhan Press, Tehran.
Zelheim, Rudolph. (2002). amsal-e kohan-e arabi (Ancient Arabic Proverbs), translated by Ahmad Shafe’iha, Iran University Press, Tehran.
Zolfaghari, Hasan. (2009). farhang-e bozorg-e zarbolmasalha-ye farsi (Great Dictionary of Persian Proverbs), Moein Press, Tehran.
---------. (2012). Karbord-e zarbolmasal dar she’r-e sha’eran-e irani (The Use of Proverbs in the Poetry of Persian Poets), Language and Literature Research Journal (Gohar-e Guya), Year 6. Issue 1. Serial 21. pp. 122-95
