تجربۀ زیستۀ مهاجران قوم لَک از روابط و پیوندهای خویشاوندی و قومی (مطالعۀ موردی: مهاجران کوهدشتی ساکن تهران)
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1
استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران
2
فرهنگی و کارشناس ارشد جامعه‌شناسی
3
عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مطالعۀ پیوندها و روابط خویشاوندی و قومی مهاجران لَک ساکن محلۀ نظامآباد شهر تهران با روش پدیدارشناسی تفسیری انجام شده است. دادهها با روش مصاحبۀ عمیق با 21 شرکتکننده جمعآوری و با روش هفتمرحلهای کلایزی تحلیل شدند که نُه مقولۀ فرعی و یک مقولۀ مرکزی بهدست آمد. مقولات فرعی شامل غلبۀ ازدواج درونگروهی (درونقومی)، اختلاف نسلی، احساس تعلق اجتماعی و مکانی، استمرار مناسبات با زادگاه، استمرار روابط با هممحلهایها، سادهکردن ارتباطات، محدود شدن تعاملات، پای‌بندی به رسوم قومیِ محلی و حفظ هم‌بستگی و مقولۀ مرکزیِ «کوشش برای حفظ پیوندهای محلهای و زادگاهی» بود. مهاجران بهویژه نسل اول، بر نگهداشت و تداوم تعاملات و ارتباطات خود با لکهای ساکن محلۀ نظامآباد و با خویشاوندان ساکن شهرستان کوهدشت تمایل و تأکید داشتند و به شیوههای مختلفی احساس تعلق خود را به زادگاه نشان میدادند. با توجه به تفاوت ملموس در تجربۀ جامعهپذیریِ نسل اول و نسلهای بعدی مهاجران، ممکن است منابع هویتبخشِ سنتی بهتدریج مورد بازاندیشی قرار بگیرند و به دنبال آن پیوندها و روابط آنان با هم و با زادگاه دگرگون شود و چه‌بسا نوع و شیوۀ عمل نسلهای بعدی، بیشتر در راستای همگونی با فرهنگ جامعۀ میزبان باشد و تعلق و پای‌بندی آنان به مؤلفههای فرهنگِ زادگاه قومی شکل نمادین بهخود بگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well‐being: An interactional perspective. Journal of social issues, 57(3), 493-510.
Sarkisian, N., & Gerstel, N. (2004). Kin support among Blacks and Whites: Race and family organization. American Sociological Review, 69(6), 812-837.
Schwartz, S. J., Pantin, H., Sullivan, S., Prado, G., & Szapocznik, J. (2006). Nativity and years in the receiving culture as markers of acculturation in ethnic enclaves. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 345-353.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience. Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. New York: State University of New York.
Verkuyten, M. (2005). The social psychology of ethnic identity. Routledge.
Yon, D. A. (2000). Elusive Culture: Schooling, Race, and Identity in Global Times. SUNY Series, Identities in the Classroom. State University of New York Press, c/o Cup Services, PO Box 6525, Ithaca, NY 14851.
Benet-Martínez, V., Leu, J., Lee, F., & Morris, M. W. (2002). Negotiating biculturalism: Cultural frame switching in biculturals with oppositional versus compatible cultural identities. Journal of Cross-cultural psychology, 33(5), 492-516.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied psychology, 46(1), 5-34.
Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013). Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction (Vol. 1). Elsevier.
Bryman, A. (2003). Quantity and quality in social research. Routledge.
Chaffee, D. (2012). Reflexive identities. In Routledge Handbook of Identity Studies (pp. 122-133). Routledge.
de Jong, P. W., & de Valk, H. A. (2023). Emigration of the Western European second generation: is having immigrant parents a predictor of international migration?. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1-22.
Ebaugh, H. R., & Curry, M. (2000). Fictive kin as social capital in new immigrant communities. Sociological Perspectives, 43(2), 189-209.
Gans, H. J. (1979). Symbolic ethnicity: The future of ethnic groups and cultures in America. Ethnic and racial studies, 2(1), 1-20.
Garip, F. (2007). From migrant social capital to community development: A relational account of migration, remittances and inequality. Princeton University.
Garip, F. & M. Guo (2013). How Homophily and Consolidation Shape Cumulative Migration Dynamics from Mexico to the United States”. Presented in Session 86: International Migration in Population Association of America Annual Meeting.
Holliday, A. (2010). Complexity in cultural identity. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10(2), 165-177.
Hutnik, N. (1991). Ethnic minority identity: A social psychological perspective. Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press.
Lawson, B. (2007). Language of space. Routledge.
Massey, D. S., & Espinosa, K. E. (1997). What's driving Mexico-US migration? A theoretical, empirical, and policy analysis. American journal of sociology, 102(4), 939-999.
Mooney, L., Knox, D., & Schacht, C. (2014). Understanding social problems. Nelson Education.
Matsumoto, D. (2003). The discrepancy between consensual-level culture and individual-level culture. Culture & Psychology, 9(1), 89-95.
Moran, A. (2011). Identity, race and ethnicity. Routledge Handbook of Identity Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 170-185.
Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well‐being: An interactional perspective. Journal of social issues, 57(3), 493-510.
Sarkisian, N., & Gerstel, N. (2004). Kin support among Blacks and Whites: Race and family organization. American Sociological Review, 69(6), 812-837.
Schwartz, S. J., Pantin, H., Sullivan, S., Prado, G., & Szapocznik, J. (2006). Nativity and years in the receiving culture as markers of acculturation in ethnic enclaves. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 345-353.
Van Manen, M. (1990). Researching lived experience. Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. New York: State University of New York.
Verkuyten, M. (2005). The social psychology of ethnic identity. Routledge.
Yon, D. A. (2000). Elusive Culture: Schooling, Race, and Identity in Global Times. SUNY Series, Identities in the Classroom. State University of New York Press, c/o Cup Services, PO Box 6525, Ithaca, NY 14851.
