گونه‌شناسی بازی‌سروده‌های رایج در بین عامۀ فارس

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
بازی با درنظر گرفتن تعاریف متعدد آن، دارای انواعی است و نمی‌‏توان منکر نقش آن در زندگی افراد در بازه‌‏های سنی گوناگون شد. نقشی که به سرگرمی و گذران وقت محدود نمی‌‏شود، زیرا بسیاری از بازی‏‌ها بازتاب‌‏دهندۀ دغدغه‌‏ها و مسائل زندگی‌‏اند و بازیگران با انجام آن، افزون‏بر تکرار این‏ مسائل و دغدغه‌‏ها انتقال‌‏دهندۀ آن نیز هستند. یکی از مهم‏ترین عناصر انتقال در این ‏زمینه «شعر» است؛ عنصری که می‌‏تواند براساس بافت زمانی و مکانیِ بازی تغییر کند و قابلیت تطبیق داشته ‏باشد. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به دسته‌‏بندی و بررسی بازی‌‏سروده‌‏های عامۀ استان فارس پرداخته است. نتایج نشان‏ می‌‏دهد که این ‏سروده‌‏ها در بازی‌‏هایی که دو یا چند (گروه) مخاطب دارند استفاده می‌‏شود و اغلب جزو بازی‏‌های غیرکنشی/ کلامی‌‏اند که بر چهار اصل تکرار، گفت‏‌وگو، تمسخر و همخوانی مبتنی‏ و در مقابل بازی‌‏های کنشی‌‏اند. این طیف از بازی‏‌سروده‌‏ها (کلامی تا کنشی) با عنصر سن نیز تناسب دارد، زیرا گرایش افراد کم‏‌سن بیشتر به‏ بازی‌‏های کلامی است و با بیشتر شدن سن به سوی بازی‏‌های کنشی حرکت می‌‏کنند. نکتۀ دیگر اینکه شعر در چهار ‏دستۀ نخست بازی، خودِ بازی و نه جزئی از بازی است و این ‏نکته تأکیدی بر کاربرد و نقش فراوان شعر در زندگی عامه است. دیگر اینکه بسیاری از بازی‌‏های کنشی دارای قانون‌‏‏ها و چارچوب‌‏هایی در شعرند و این قوانین در هفت گروه (فراخوان بازی، حاضر ـ غایبی، انتخاب سردسته، آغازگر و یار، تعیین نفر اخراجی یا ذخیره، تنبیه، نپرداختن جریمه و اعلام پایان بازی) می‏‌گنجد و بازیگران به پذیرفتن و اجرای آن ملزم بوده‏‌اند. نظم این‏ قوانین و در کل، همۀ سروده‌‏های بازی نقش بسیاری در اجتماعی ‏شدن بازیگران داشته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

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