اسطوره باروری و آیین‌های باران‌خواهی در لارستان (لار، صحرای باغ، هرمود، دهکویه، بریز، کورده)
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
دانشگاه جهرم
چکیده
افسانهها و داستانها که عموم مردم آفریدگان آن هستند، بستر مناسبی برای واکاوی باورهای اساطیری هر قوم است. در منطقۀ لارستان به‌دلیل وضعیت بد آب و هوایی، خشکسالی و کمآبی، باورها و اندیشههایی دربارۀ باروری و آیین‌های باران‌خواهی برجای مانده که میراث پیشینیان و دارای الگوهای اساطیری است. آمیزش این باورها با زندگی مردم گاه چنان است که بر همۀ ارکان زندگی آنها تأثیر میگذارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، دستیابی به الگوهای اسطورۀ باروری و آیین‌های باران‌خواهی نمودیافته در منطقۀ لارستان است. در این جستار، به روش میدانی و کتابخانهای، دادهها گردآوری شده و با رویکرد توصیفی ـ تحلیلی اسطورۀ باروری و آیین‌های باران‌خواهی در منطقۀ لارستان واکاوی شده است. همچنین کوشش شده است اگر شباهت یا تفاوتی میان اسطورههای این منطقه و اسطورههای ایرانی و غیرایرانی وجود دارد، بازنموده شود. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد اسطورۀ باروری در منطقۀ لارستان از پنج رکن ورزوا، ایندرا، کلاغ، تیشتر و اناهیتا تشکیل شده است که مردم منطقه، باورهای خاصی دربارۀ هریک دارند. ازسویی‌دیگر، سه آیین «قبله دعا»، «الله بده بارون» و «خوشه نشان» بازماندۀ آیین‌های باران‌خواهی در منطقۀ لارستان است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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Aidinlou, S. (2010). Seven labors of the hero. Journal of Literature and Humanities of Shahid Chamran University, 26, 1-27.
Akhte, A. (2006). Iranian celebrations and rituals (in Farsi). Etelaat.
Amuzgar, J. (1995). Mythical history if Iran (in Farsi). Samt.
Amuzgar, Zh. (2008). History of Iranian mythology (in Farsi). Samt.
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Doustkhah, J. (1964). Avesta. Minoan letter of Zoroastrianism (in Farsi). Morvarid.
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Eghtedari, A. (1995). Ancient Larestan and Larestani culture (in Farsi). Contemporary World.
Eliade, M. (1949). Treatise on the history of religions (translated into Farsi by Jalal Sattari). Soroush.
Elyade, M. (1995). Myth, dream, mystery (translated into Farsi by Roya Monajem). Elm.
Faghihi Mohaddes, F. (2011). Sacrifice in the divine religions (in Farsi). Mowla Ali.
Firoozmandi, B., Rezaei, M., & Judy, Kh. (2012). A local narrative of the myth of the "goddess of fertility" in Lorestan. Woman in Culture and Art, 2, 25-43.
Freeze, J. (1987). The golden bough (translated into Farsi by Kazem Firouzmand). Agah.
Gorji, M. (1964). Anahita fifty words by Purdue (in Farsi). Amir Kabir.
Gox ‚G., & Bart, M. A. (1963). The mythology of the Aryan nations. Series Office.
Greenbaum, A. (1969). The myth of dragon slaying in India and Iran (translated into Farsi by Fazlollah Pakzad). Nameh Farhang.
Guerin, W (2005). A handbook of critical approaches to literature. Oxford University Press.
Hall, J. (1994). A pictorial culture of symbols in Eastern and Western art (translated into Farsi by Roghayeh Behzadi). Contemporary Culture.
Hassan Nejad, H., & Moshfeghi, A. (2018). Fertility myth and mythical allusions to the key. Persian Literature, 42, 1-22.
Hinels, J. (1975). Understanding Iranian mythology (translated into Farsi by Zhaleh Amuzgar & Ahmad Tafazzoli). Cheshmeh.
Jalali Naeini, M. (1993). Research, translation and introduction to selected Rig Veda poems (in Farsi). Silver.
Jiran, F., Lacoue, G., & Delaporte, L. (1973). Assyrian and Yabel mythology (translated into Farsi by Abolghasem Esmaeilpour). Fekr Rooz.
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Khonji, L. (1999). Khonji dialect based on Larestani grammar (in Farsi). Fars Encyclopedia.
Khosravi, Y. (2004). Anushgi in ancient Iran. Book of the Month of Art, 76, 84-97.
Krasnovolska, A. (1970). Some key figures in Iranian chronological mythology (translated into Farsi by Zhaleh Mottahedin). Varjavand.
Kristen Sen, A. (1998). Examples of the first man and the first prince in the legendary history of Iran (translated into Farsi by Jhaleh Amuzgar & Ahmad Tafzoli). Cheshmeh.
Mackenzie. D. N. (1971). A concise Pahlavi dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Malchanova, A. (1982). Lari dialects (translated into Farsi by Mahmoud Ehsani). Name Farhangestan, 5, 183-187.
Masse, H. (1938). Iranian beliefs and custom (translated into Farsi by Mehdi Rowshan Zamir). Shafiee.
Mirzaei, I. (2010). Rain-seeking ritual in South Khorasan. Khorasan Social Cultural Studies, 15, 186-209.
Movarrekh Lari, A. (1992). History of Larestan (in Farsi). Rahgosha.
Najmi, Sh. (2015). An analysis of the myth of sprinkling. Literature and Language, 38, 343-361.
Narakhishi, A. (1938). History of Bukhara (in Farsi). Sanayi.
Nemat Tavusi, M. (2012). Deciphering parts of Iran's rain-seeking rituals. Iranian Studies, 21, 1- 15.
Panaino, A. (1990). Tištrya, part 1: the avestan hymn to airius Roma. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.
Papli Yazdi, M. (1999). Rain-seeking rituals during droughts. Geographical Research of Mashhad, 55, 186-211.
Pourdavood, E. (1991). Yashtha (in Farsi). University of Tehran.
Rajabi, P. (2001). The lost millennia (in Farsi). Toos.
Rashed Mohassel, M. (1987). Excerpts from Zadesperam (in Farsi). Cultural Studies and Research.
Saffari, A. (2009). The crow, from myth to reality (in Farsi). Morvarid.
Schmidt, R. (1989). Guide to Iranian languages (translated into Farsi by Arman Bakhtiyari). Ghoghnus.
Schwartz, M. (1985) The religion of Achaemenian Iran Cambridge history of Iran. Cambridge.
Shamisa, S. (1999). Culture of allusions (in Farsi). Mitra.
Warner, R. (2000). The concept of myth (translated into Farsi by Abolghasem Esmaeilpour). Book of the Month of Art, 5, 16-25.
Ahmadi, Z. 80 years old. Dehkoyeh city, illiterate, housewife.
Biglery, T. 72 years old. Dideban village, illiterate, farmer.
Ghafuri, S. 70 years old. Zarwan village, primary education, housewife.
Hassani, I. 65 years old. Dashti village, primary education, farmer.
Hassani, M. 60 years old. Dashti village, primary education, farmer.
Javid, M. 70 years old. Kango Rishe village, illiterate, pastor.
Ruby, M. 60 years old. Lar, elementary education, bank employee.
Sarmast, A. 70 years old. Lar, illiterate, rancher.
Taheri, A. 60 years old. Beriz Village, Elementary Education, Driver.
Yaqubi, H. 70 years old. Hormoud village, illiterate, farmer.
Aidinlou, S. (2010). Seven labors of the hero. Journal of Literature and Humanities of Shahid Chamran University, 26, 1-27.
Akhte, A. (2006). Iranian celebrations and rituals (in Farsi). Etelaat.
Amuzgar, J. (1995). Mythical history if Iran (in Farsi). Samt.
Amuzgar, Zh. (2008). History of Iranian mythology (in Farsi). Samt.
Ayvazian, M. (1990). Loan of Middle Western Iranian words in Armenian (translated by Mohammad Ehsayi). Cultural Studies and Research.
Bahar, M (2005). From myth to history (in Farsi). Cheshme.
Bahar, M. (1998). From myth to history (edited by Abolghasem Esmaeilpour). Cheshmeh.
Bahar, M. (2007). Asian religions (in Farsi). Cheshmeh.
Bahar, M. (2012). Research in Iranian mythology (in Farsi). Agah.
Balami, A. (1974). History of Bal'ami (in Farsi). Bita.
Beaucorps, M. (1931). Les symbols vivants (translated into Farsi by Jalal Sattari). Markaz.
Birgani, A. (2018). Shasha Dalu is a symbol of the goddess of water and the god of rain. Literature and local languages of Iran, 22, 1-24.
Boyce, M. (2001). Lady and secretary, more reflection on Anahit and Tir (translated by Shahnaz Shahande). Culture, 1, 297-306.
Campbell, J. (2007) The power of myth (translated into Farsi by Abbās Moxber). Markaz.
Coupe, L. (1997). Myth (translated into Farsi by Mohammad Dehghani). Scientific and Cultural.
Dadegi, F. (2011). Bondahesn (edited by Mehrdad Bahar). Toos.
Doustkhah, J. (1964). Avesta. Minoan letter of Zoroastrianism (in Farsi). Morvarid.
Duchesne Guilemin, J. (1983). The religion of ancient Iran. (translated into Farsi by Roya Monajjem). Science.
Eghtedari, A. (1995). Ancient Larestan and Larestani culture (in Farsi). Contemporary World.
Eliade, M. (1949). Treatise on the history of religions (translated into Farsi by Jalal Sattari). Soroush.
Elyade, M. (1995). Myth, dream, mystery (translated into Farsi by Roya Monajem). Elm.
Faghihi Mohaddes, F. (2011). Sacrifice in the divine religions (in Farsi). Mowla Ali.
Firoozmandi, B., Rezaei, M., & Judy, Kh. (2012). A local narrative of the myth of the "goddess of fertility" in Lorestan. Woman in Culture and Art, 2, 25-43.
Freeze, J. (1987). The golden bough (translated into Farsi by Kazem Firouzmand). Agah.
Gorji, M. (1964). Anahita fifty words by Purdue (in Farsi). Amir Kabir.
Gox ‚G., & Bart, M. A. (1963). The mythology of the Aryan nations. Series Office.
Greenbaum, A. (1969). The myth of dragon slaying in India and Iran (translated into Farsi by Fazlollah Pakzad). Nameh Farhang.
Guerin, W (2005). A handbook of critical approaches to literature. Oxford University Press.
Hall, J. (1994). A pictorial culture of symbols in Eastern and Western art (translated into Farsi by Roghayeh Behzadi). Contemporary Culture.
Hassan Nejad, H., & Moshfeghi, A. (2018). Fertility myth and mythical allusions to the key. Persian Literature, 42, 1-22.
Hinels, J. (1975). Understanding Iranian mythology (translated into Farsi by Zhaleh Amuzgar & Ahmad Tafazzoli). Cheshmeh.
Jalali Naeini, M. (1993). Research, translation and introduction to selected Rig Veda poems (in Farsi). Silver.
Jiran, F., Lacoue, G., & Delaporte, L. (1973). Assyrian and Yabel mythology (translated into Farsi by Abolghasem Esmaeilpour). Fekr Rooz.
Keshavarzi, S., Waredi, Z., & Rezaei, M. (2021). Fertility myths in the legends of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Popular Culture and Literature, 39, 1-34.
Khonji, L. (1999). Khonji dialect based on Larestani grammar (in Farsi). Fars Encyclopedia.
Khosravi, Y. (2004). Anushgi in ancient Iran. Book of the Month of Art, 76, 84-97.
Krasnovolska, A. (1970). Some key figures in Iranian chronological mythology (translated into Farsi by Zhaleh Mottahedin). Varjavand.
Kristen Sen, A. (1998). Examples of the first man and the first prince in the legendary history of Iran (translated into Farsi by Jhaleh Amuzgar & Ahmad Tafzoli). Cheshmeh.
Mackenzie. D. N. (1971). A concise Pahlavi dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Malchanova, A. (1982). Lari dialects (translated into Farsi by Mahmoud Ehsani). Name Farhangestan, 5, 183-187.
Masse, H. (1938). Iranian beliefs and custom (translated into Farsi by Mehdi Rowshan Zamir). Shafiee.
Mirzaei, I. (2010). Rain-seeking ritual in South Khorasan. Khorasan Social Cultural Studies, 15, 186-209.
Movarrekh Lari, A. (1992). History of Larestan (in Farsi). Rahgosha.
Najmi, Sh. (2015). An analysis of the myth of sprinkling. Literature and Language, 38, 343-361.
Narakhishi, A. (1938). History of Bukhara (in Farsi). Sanayi.
Nemat Tavusi, M. (2012). Deciphering parts of Iran's rain-seeking rituals. Iranian Studies, 21, 1- 15.
Panaino, A. (1990). Tištrya, part 1: the avestan hymn to airius Roma. Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.
Papli Yazdi, M. (1999). Rain-seeking rituals during droughts. Geographical Research of Mashhad, 55, 186-211.
Pourdavood, E. (1991). Yashtha (in Farsi). University of Tehran.
Rajabi, P. (2001). The lost millennia (in Farsi). Toos.
Rashed Mohassel, M. (1987). Excerpts from Zadesperam (in Farsi). Cultural Studies and Research.
Saffari, A. (2009). The crow, from myth to reality (in Farsi). Morvarid.
Schmidt, R. (1989). Guide to Iranian languages (translated into Farsi by Arman Bakhtiyari). Ghoghnus.
Schwartz, M. (1985) The religion of Achaemenian Iran Cambridge history of Iran. Cambridge.
Shamisa, S. (1999). Culture of allusions (in Farsi). Mitra.
Warner, R. (2000). The concept of myth (translated into Farsi by Abolghasem Esmaeilpour). Book of the Month of Art, 5, 16-25.
Ahmadi, Z. 80 years old. Dehkoyeh city, illiterate, housewife.
Biglery, T. 72 years old. Dideban village, illiterate, farmer.
Ghafuri, S. 70 years old. Zarwan village, primary education, housewife.
Hassani, I. 65 years old. Dashti village, primary education, farmer.
Hassani, M. 60 years old. Dashti village, primary education, farmer.
Javid, M. 70 years old. Kango Rishe village, illiterate, pastor.
Ruby, M. 60 years old. Lar, elementary education, bank employee.
Sarmast, A. 70 years old. Lar, illiterate, rancher.
Taheri, A. 60 years old. Beriz Village, Elementary Education, Driver.
Yaqubi, H. 70 years old. Hormoud village, illiterate, farmer.
