وزن اشعار کار (مطالعۀ موردی وزن شعر کار در دو حوزۀ قالی‌بافی و مشک‌زنی)
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل
نویسندگان
1
دانشگاه اصفهان
2
مرکز دایره المعارف بزرگ اسلامی
چکیده
با وجود اختلاف‌نظرهایی که در دهه‌های اخیر در تعیین وزن اشعار شفاهی پدید آمده است، می‌توان با اطمینان گفت وزن اشعار شفاهی وزنی تکیه‌ای ـ هجایی است. شعر کار شاخه‌ای از اشعار شفاهی است که هماهنگ با ریتم کار و با محتوایی سازگار با کار موردنظر، خوانده می‌شده است. کارگران و کارورزان برای رفع خستگی، تسهیل انجام کار، سرعت بخشیدن به روند کار و مقاصد دیگر، این اشعار را به‌صورت گروهی و یا به‌تنهایی می‌خواندند. ما در این جستار با تعریف شعر کار و برشمردن اقسام و ویژگی‌های این گونۀ شعری، به تحلیل وزن اشعار کار از دو منظر عروضی و تکیه‌ای ـ هجایی پرداختیم و دریافته‌ایم که اشعار کار با پیروی از اوزان تکیه‌ای ـ هجایی از پذیرفتن قواعد عروضی سرباز می‌زند و می‌توان ارتباط وزنی معناداری در میان وزن اشعار کار در حوزه‌ای مشخص یافت. همچنین، ترانه‌های کار با وزن کار موردنظر در هماهنگی است و بسته به ریتم و آهنگ کار اوزان متغیر می‌پذیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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- Moayed Hosseini, Mehri. (1396). "Caravans of Sirjan region", the culture of working music in Iran, by Houshang Javid, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 401-418.
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- _____________ (1394). Poetic authority. Tehran: Niloufar.
- _______________ (1395). The weight of Persian poetry. Tehran: Niloufar
- Hedayat, Sadegh (1383). Scattered writings. Collected by Hassan Ghaemian. Tehran: Jamedran.
- Homayouni, Sadegh. (1379). Fars Local Songs, Shiraz: Fars Studies Foundation.
- ______________ (1386). "Carnavas", Iranian People's Culture Quarterly, No. 10, pp. 117-138.
- ______________ (1388). Women and their poems in the culture of the Iranian people. Tehran: Gol Azin.
- Vahidian Kamyar, Taghi. (1357). Investigating the weight of Persian folk poetry. Tehran: Agah.
- Gioia, Ted. (2006). Woksongs. Durham: Duke university press
- Anizadeh, Ali. Hanif, Mohammad (1391). The sounds of the work of Iranian tribes. Tehran: Radio and Television Research Center Publications.
- Bateni, Mohammad Reza (1354). Modern linguistic issues. Tehran: Agah.
- Bahrami, Mansour. (1390). Half Symphony of the Sea. Tehran: Book Mirror.
- Panahi Semnani, Mohammad Ahmad (1369). Poetry of work in Persian literature, Tehran: Author
- _______________________ (1383). Song and songwriting in Iran. Tehran: Soroush.
- Thompson, George. (1383). "The role of work in creating weight", translated by Asghar Mehdizadegan, Kalk, No. 149 and 150, pp. 48-50.
- تفضلی ، احمد. (1385). "Fahlaviat", translated by Fariba Shokouhi, Farhangistan Letter, Volume 8, Number 1, pp. 119-130.
- Tawhidi, Fouad. (1396). "Songs and Songs of Work in Kerman Province", Culture of Work Music in Iran, by Houshang Javid, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 87-100.
- Javid, Houshang. (1383). "A Look at the Local Songs of Persia", Book of the Month of Art, Nos. 67 and 68. صص70-73.
- _____________ (1395). The role of women in Iranian music. Tehran: Surah Mehr.
- _____________ (1396). Culture of working music in Iran, Tehran: Surah Mehr.
- Jafari, Hamid. (1393). "Songs of Work", Encyclopedia of Iranian Culture. Volume 2, Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center, pp. 622-630.
- Hosseini Arsanjani, Mohieddin. (2016) "The tradition of reading carpets", Nim Negah International Newspaper, No. 5410, October 17th.
- Heshmati Razavi, Fazlullah. (1381). "Poems of carpet texture", Art Month Book, Nos. 53 and 54, pp. 70-71.
- Heidari, Mohammad Mehdi (1396). "Functions of Work Songs: Retrieving the Concept from the Example", Culture of Work Music in Iran, by Houshang Javid, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 465-477
- ل Khanlari, Parviz (1327). Critical Research in Persian Prose, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- ______________ (1345). The weight of Persian poetry. Tehran: Iran Culture Foundation Publications.
- Khajehian, Mitra. (1391). «نی‌مه; The efficiency of Bushehr beach dwellers ". Culture of the Iranian people, No. 28 and 29, pp. 137-148.
- Zandbaf, Hassan. (1383). Rhythm in music. Tehran: Rozaneh.
- Sepehr, Mohammad Homayoun. Khazaei, Shirin (1391). "Anthropological study of the sounds of the traveling professions of old Tehran". Culture of the Iranian people, No. 28 and 29, pp. 85-97.
- Sefidgar Shahanaghi, Hamid. (1388). Work songs in Azerbaijan. Tehran: Future Plan.
- Shah Hosseini, Alireza. (1378). "Tools and songs of work in the Elikai nomads of Garmsar", the nomadic quarterly of the Revolutionary Reserves, No. 21, pp. 133-147.
- _________________ (1382). "Songs of the nomads of the southern slopes of Alborz", Journal of the Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, No. 5, pp. 93-114.
- Shams Qais Razi, Muhammad bin Qais. (1336). Dictionary in the criteria of non-Arabic poetry. Edited by Mohammad Qazvini, edited by Modares Razavi, Tehran: University of Tehran.
- Sadeghi, Ali Ashraf. (1390). "The Weight of Fahlaviat", the weight of Persian poetry from yesterday to today (collection of the first symposiums on the weight of Persian poetry and Iranian poetry in the Iranian Linguistic Association, May 9 and 10, 2010), by Omid Tabibzadeh, Tehran: Works, pp. 137-148.
- Tabari, Ehsan. (1359). Folk songs and some of its technical and artistic characteristics. Tehran: Tudeh Party of Iran.
- Tabibzadeh, Omid. (1382). "Comparison of syllable extensions in vowels in spoken Persian, official poetry and Persian folk poetry", Dr. Ali Ashraf Sadeghi Celebration, by Omid Tabibzadeh. Tehran: Hermes, pp. 307-340.
- _____________ (1399). Analysis of the weight of Persian folk poetry. Tehran: Ketabe bahar.
- _____________ (1388). "Weight construction and word reliance in Persian; A research based on the theory of weight support ", Linguistic Research, First Year, No. 1, pp. 63-78.
- ______________ (1389). Bruce Hayes Theory of Weight Relying, Principles and Case Studies, Language and Linguistics, Volume 6, Number 11, pp. 171-180.
- ______________ (1390). "Two types of weight in Persian language", the weight of Persian poetry from yesterday to today (collection of the first symposiums on the weight of Persian poetry and Iranian poetry in the Iranian Linguistic Association, May 9 and 10, 2010), Tehran: Nashr-e Ashar, pp. 123-136.
- ______________ (1392). "Historical study of weight in Fahlaviat", Iranian languages and dialects (Special issue of the Academy), No. 3, pp. 59-90.
- Tusi, Adib. (1332). "Local songs". Journal of the Faculty of Literature, University of Tabriz, Volume 5, Number 1, pp. 49-101.
- Fatemi, Sasan. (1382). Childish rhythm in Iran. Tehran: Mahour
- Farhadi, Morteza. (1371). "Making and Mushing in Fourteen Villages of Kamra", Geographical Research, No. 25, pp. 63-86.
- _____________. (1379). "Songs of work, forgotten forgetfulness of interns and masters", Social Sciences (Allameh Tabatabai University), No. 11 and 12, pp. 111-144.
- Qani, the legend. (1397). "Classification of Carpet Weaving Sounds in Chaleshtar", Bi-Quarterly Journal of Popular Culture and Literature, Volume 6, Number 23, pp. 183-200.
- Karimi Foroutaqeh, Mohammad. (2017) "Work Music and Effort in Kashmar", Culture of Work Music in Iran, by Houshang Javid, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 193-213
- Lazarus, Gilbert. (1395). Investigating the weight of Iranian poetry. Translated by Leila Ziamajidi, Tehran: Hermes.
- Mazraati, Ahmad (1383). Songs of Kashan carpet weavers. Kashan: Marnjab.
- Moayed Hosseini, Mehri. (1396). "Caravans of Sirjan region", the culture of working music in Iran, by Houshang Javid, Tehran: Surah Mehr, pp. 401-418.
- Najafi, Abolhassan (1381). "Changing the Quantity of Persian Vowels". Knowledge Publishing, Volume 19, Number 2, pp. 7-9.
- _____________ (1394). Poetic authority. Tehran: Niloufar.
- _______________ (1395). The weight of Persian poetry. Tehran: Niloufar
- Hedayat, Sadegh (1383). Scattered writings. Collected by Hassan Ghaemian. Tehran: Jamedran.
- Homayouni, Sadegh. (1379). Fars Local Songs, Shiraz: Fars Studies Foundation.
- ______________ (1386). "Carnavas", Iranian People's Culture Quarterly, No. 10, pp. 117-138.
- ______________ (1388). Women and their poems in the culture of the Iranian people. Tehran: Gol Azin.
- Vahidian Kamyar, Taghi. (1357). Investigating the weight of Persian folk poetry. Tehran: Agah.
- Gioia, Ted. (2006). Woksongs. Durham: Duke university press
