شخصیت زنان منظومۀ «کارستان ‌حاتم»

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری زبان وادبیات فارسی
2 استادیار دانشگاه سلمان فارسی کازرون
چکیده
منظومۀ «کارستان ­حاتم» که تک‌نسخۀ آن در گنجینۀ نسخ خطی دانشگاه لایپزیک نگهداری می‌شود، سرودۀ شاعری گم­نام به اسم فرید ­بن ­غضفر است. این افسانۀ عامه، روایتی منظوم از یکی از قصه­های حاتم ­طایی است. ماجرای این منظومه، شرح شیدایی شاهزاده­ای­ شامی به نام منیر به حسن­بانو، ملکۀ زیبای خراسان است که با ازجان­گذشتگی­های حاتم به وصال یکدیگر می­رسند. اگرچه قهرمان این داستان ابرانسانی است شکست­ناپذیر، اما کنش­مندی او مرهون نقش­آفرینی چشمگیر زنان قصه است. در نوشتار پیش رو ضمن معرفی اجمالی نسخۀ ­خطی، این قصه از نظرگاه عملکرد شخصیت­های زن، رمزکاوی شده ­است. پس از زدودن پیرایه­های ظاهری قصه، می­توان به این نتیجه رسید که این داستان بر بنیادی از باورهای باستانی مبنی بر زن­سالاری استوار است. این مدعا با استناد به دلالت­های در پیوند با روزگار مادرسالاری، ازجمله شهر نسوان، توتمیسم، ازدواج­های برون­همسری، بن­مایه­های ایزدگیاهی و قربانی برای ملکۀ مادر تأیید می­شود. نتیجۀ دیگر این پژوهش، نمودن ژرفای این قصه و گنجایش آن برای پذیرش خوانش­های همه­جانبۀ اسطوره­ای، جامعه­شناختی و روان­شناختی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

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