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This article is a comparative sociological study and it shows some effects of changes in social relations which is the result of modernity in iranian and arabic communities.
This study inspects the Iranian and Arabic community and its deals with the female symbols as the one of social development indicators. Based on this, the use of female symbols and myths was assessed and compared in Abdol Vahab Albayati & Ahmad Shamlu’s poems.
This study ultimately concludes that female symbol’s log in to poetry, not as a beginning of a course but it’s the result of a circulation which tries to change social relations and create a new balance between two powers in society. Addressing female symbols, in addition to give poet the possibility of addressing the mythical topics; is an attempt to empower the hidden half of the population that was held back for years. And this is not a feminist effort, but it’s blowing lyrics the spirit of gentleness and describes the hidden part of the community that would appear in the light of modernity and this effort has many examples in both Persian and Arabic literature.

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One of the best ways of understanding reflection of the society in the literature is the comparison of the effects of a social content in different communities. This paper, using this method, studies the reflection of the society of author in "Thaïs", "Confabulation of Mullah Ghorbanali" and "Sacred lien". Thaïs by Anatole France, romance novel that theme is “a beautiful woman monk”, accords drew to many scholars and critics. Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh also takes effect of Anatole France and wrote the short story with the same theme Confabulation of Mullah Ghorbanali. After he, Tofigh Al-Hakim, an Egyptian writer, attempting to recreate Thaïs in Arabic novel and he created the novel, Sacred lien.
The present study poses, in the first time, the influences of the story French to two stories Persian and Arabic. Then, the Common themes shared between the stories, from the perspective of the sociology of literature, relying on the theory of Lukács will be studied; the themes that the most are “Religious man’’ and “woman’’. And finally, the process of socialization of literature and the highlight role of society of author in all three stories will be showed in the subtle differences

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In the not- too- distant past of the Great Iran, there were jobs being actually disappeared or deformed in some way. Since introducing those forgotten jobs can help us better understand the Iranian society of that time, in this article, the author has introduced a number of old guilds that are derived from Sayida Nasafi's urban poetry, the Persian –speaker poet of Tajikistan in the eleventh century. It should be said that these jobs selected from more than two hundred jobs introduced in Sayida Nasafi's poem, have been common in Safavid period. The results showed that by introducing the jobs that has named in her urban poetry this Persian-speaker poet, in fact, has sought to support the lower and depriving classes of society and his behavior was an implicit criticism of the government and social issues.

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The interaction between literatures among nations is examined through the common concepts and interinfluence of poets in literary works in the field of comparative literature. Part of contemporary poetry in today`s society is based on social life, and the interinfluence of poetic hypertexts in the  social , political and economic environments prominent to society .
   Shamlu, Paul Éluard and Hughes are the poets who have done poetry from three distinct cultures and in a common century, in different geographical settings, of course. The main fields of the poetry of these three were influenced by social life and during a period of their poetry life , they tended to the left ideology and these tendencies have created common themes in their poems . Themes such freedom, justice ,fight against oppression and despotism (tyranny), attention to the workers living conditions, the representation of Marxist doctrines and the remembrance of those fighters who tried to achieve these goals, make these common points. So that their poetry reflects the situation and crises of their society and the world.
   This research explores in a descriptive analytical way, the poetical works (divan) of the poets discussed, to extract  these similarities and to criticize and analyze them, based on the sociological literary and artistic taste.

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Symbolic interactionism is a social theory that takes into account both explicit and implicit activities of people (like thoughts) and studies social behavior by emphasizing on human interactions. In this study, the theory of symbolic interactionism was studied with a descriptive and analytical technique to study Nafsat Almasdur, an important historical and literary book written in seventh century AH. The subject of the book is the difficulties of the author. This ancient text is reread in the framework of sociological theory as the first step in reflecting the symbolic interactionism theory on a trace from Moguls in Iran. The study shows that social behaviors of the author, people, Moguls and the king of Kharazmshahi, due to their significant symbols, result in complicated patterns and these patterns are the foundations of interactions and differences in groups in the society.
 

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Novel is the only field of literary production that not only does not have to comply with abstract social and philosophical thinking but also, unlike poetry, does not develop a life of its own independent of everyday life. As a result, it has the maximum capacity for the representation of quotidian life. This paper seeks to criticize the sociological capital of female characters in the novel Del-e foulad by Moniru Ravanipour. The theoretical approach of this paper is based on the theories of the famous French philosopher and anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930 - 2002). In addition to a Marxist notion of economic capital, Bourdieu believes that there are other forms of cultural, social, and symbolic capital. Employing Bourdieu’s theory, this paper studies the variety of women’s capital in the aforementioned novel. The results of this study suggest that women’s economic capital has a downward trajectory. Also in the production and reproduction of symbolic capital women are facing a crisis of infertility. Their social capital also suffers from different forms of systematic violence. It is only their cultural capital which shows a dynamic progress.

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Women have long been the subject of much philosophical, political, social, cultural and literary discussions in various cultures and civilizations. This issue has been studied many times from different perspectives, especially in the field of classical and official Iranian literature. Folk songs and chansons as an important part of folklore and one of the important aspects of popular culture has many contradictory and sometimes thought-provoking themes that have not been seriously addressed so far. The present article intends to retrieve, explain and sociologically analyze the roles of women in these poems in a descriptive-analytical manner and through the analysis of the content of these chansons in the geographical area of   Shahroud city.
Accordingly, it was found that the position of women in such eulogies are in the role of lover, wife, and mother.  From a sociological point of view, although sometimes the female element sits in the "other inferior" row, it is generally a manifestation of cooperation and assistance as well as a symbol of generationalism.  From a literary point of view, women have received high reflections and roles such as the subject of the pain of shame and distance, the symbol of piety and loyalty, the symbol of love, and finally the unattainable beloved

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In this article; two collection of poems entitled “Mokabedat-Al Shajar” and “Let us believe in the beginning of cold season” by Boshra’ Bostani and Forough Farrokhzad’s where we encounter critical period of Iran’s’ history – between the second Pahlavi dynasty and post second world war period of colonialism in Iraq have been analyzed by descriptive – analytic research methodology . The results showed that both poets have paid special attention to hearth of family with motherhood passions and love. Taking into consideration the infidelity of Iraq and Iran society in relation to women rights as unique principle of Islam, these poets have reflected the place of women and their rights in their works. Both poets have been engaged in reflecting social problems like poverty, unemployment and class distinctions. Also, political structure and tradition – modernity contrast have been the main themes in the poems of both poets uttered acidly. The acute language of Forough Farrokhzad in her diatribes is more salient than Boshra. In its turn, complexity and ambiguity o

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Sociology of literature is one of the systematic and scientific efforts that helps to study literature. To examine the role of social structures in the production of literary works, Lucien Goldman chooses the method of evolutionary constructivism, which discusses the effects of creative structures. According to him, the literary text shows the links between the mental structures of literary realities and social realities. The author does not reflect the pure reflection of consciousness, but there is a strong connection between the categories raised in his work and his social consciousness. In this research, relying on the method of formative constructivism, the relationship between the characteristics of the main character of Golshiri's stories and the political, social and cultural conditions of the time of their writing is analyzed. This study shows that although Golshiri belongs to the middle class of society, by entering the privileged group of intellectuals, he has paid more attention to the issues and problems in this class, including political and reformist concerns, more than the general problems of the people. This, along with his party and political leanings, has led most of the main characters in his stories to be selected from the new, educated middle class. Therefore, political ideology is more prominent in its stories than other ideologies. In this context, Golshiri provides a vivid picture of political deceivers, expedient actions, and the fear and pessimism of political repression. In social ideology, the confrontation between poverty and wealth and its consequences and the boredom of the main characters from family and professional life are prominent. In cultural ideology, the tendency of the middle class and the intelligentsia to study socio-political works as well as the tendency of deprived and rural people to superstition and popular beliefs is evident. Finally, from the point of view of religious ideology, most of the main characters have a religious nature, and the author, by creating them, shows his critical and anti-sectarian view of this ideology.