---

The overarching goal of this research is to use polymeric composites enriched with diatomic soil to improve petroleum-contaminated clayey soil. The effect of petroleum on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil was investigated in the laboratory in the first stage using uniaxial, direct shear, and permeability tests. The polymeric composite material was then created and mixed with the diatomic soil. The geotechnical properties of petroleum-contaminated clayey soil were studied using a polymeric composite material mixed with diatomic soil (PCD). Petroleum reduced the shear resistance, internal friction angle, and uniaxial resistance of the clay for contamination percentages ranging from 0% to 12%. Whereas 12 percent petroleum content causes the greatest changes in soil mechanical resistance. According to the results of the direct shear test, adding 5.5 percent PCD increases the shear resistance of the base material and contaminated base material to average values of 32 and 48 percent, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the petroleum permeability test show that adding 5.5 percent PCD reduces soil permeability. The results show that the improved clay by PCD can be used as a liner for the base of petroleum reservoirs.

---

In a greenhouse experiment, the effects of Glomus intraradices and indigenous mycorrhizal isolates from soils under plow and no-till treatments on the uptake of 32P placed at 1, 2.5 and 4 cm from the roots of white clover (Trifolium repens) in 23, 37 or 46 days after planting were compared.Spores of the indigenous fungi were mostly a mixture of Glomus mossea, G. clarum, G. caledonium and G. claroideum . The colonization of the roots with regard to hyphae, vesicle or arbuscules was significantly different among fungi. Uptake of 32P from different distances from the roots was strongly dependent on the mycorrhizal isolate used and the plant-symbiont age. Indigenous fungi were more effective in translocating 32P from short distances compared with G. intraradices as measured in the plants. At the age of 46 days, for example, fungi from no-till and plowed plots transported 8-10 times more 32P to the plants as compared with G. intraradices, when32P was placed at 1-cm distance from the roots. These differences, however, disappeared when 32P was placed at 2.5 or 4 cm from the roots. As the plant-symbiont grew older, relatively more 32P was translocated to the tops and the differences between fungi in this respect became more pronounced. In 21-, 37- and 46-day-old plants, for example, and when 32P was placed 1 cm from the root surface, 18, 21 and 56%, respectively, of the absorbed 32P was translocated to the tops in plants inoculated with fungi from plowed fields. Progressively lesser amounts of total absorbed 32P were translocated to the tops as 32P was placed farther away from the roots. For example in 46 days after planting 51, 30 and 11% of total absorbed 32P was translocated to the tops when 32P was placed at 1, 2.5 and 4 cm from the roots, respectively, white clovers being inoculated with fungi from no-till soil. It is concluded that the native mycorrhizal fungi , after a long period of different tillage practices, may have different effects on the partitioning of absorbed phosphorus within white clover.

---

This article examines the cultural and native characteristics of marriage rituals in Fars province's southern regions, focusing on Alamarvdasht. Through ethnographic research, data was collected in the field and through interviews with locals. The study analyzes the ritual, emphasizing its unique elements and connections to "rites of passage." By showcasing the diverse customs and beauties of the region, this research contributes to understanding and appreciating Fars province's cultural heritage.
 

---

The purpose of this article is to reach a definition of humor as a kind of literature based on contemporary literary theories, especially reader-centered theories In order to recognize the humor of a literary text based on it. "Humor is a literary text whose action is to create a contrast between the reader's perceptual concepts of the text and the reader's mental patterns." Based on this, examples of satires in various texts (Quran, Shahnameh, Khayyam quatrains, poems by Shamloo and Shafi'i Kadkani) have been analyzed and shown some examples that have been introduced as humor in various books or articles are not examples of humor as a kind of literary expression.
 
 

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of date seed methanolic extracts of Rabbi variety and evaluating the physicochemical properties of zein nanoparticles loaded with these extracts. Ultrasonic treatment was used to extract methanolic extract from date seed powder and antisolvent precipitation method was used to encapsulate date seed methanolic extracts in amounts of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 g in zein biopolymer carrier. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of date seed extracts of Rabbi variety in 45 min, the temperature of 50⁰C of ultrasonic bath and 70% methanol solvent concentration were obtained respectively 369.47 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight and 5.08 µg/m1. By increasing the ratio of encapsulated extract in zein carrier from 0.1 to 0.4, the encapsulation efficiency from 85.90 to 95.19% and the size of zein particles loaded with methanolic extracts from 129.95 to 183.30 nm increased and the zeta potential of nanoparticles decreased from +19.15 to +14.48 mV. The size and zeta potential of extract-free zein particles were determined 109.30 nm and +21.96 mV, respectively. The results of ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that with increase the ratio of methanolic extract encapsulated in the zein carrier, the stretching peak of O‒H⋯O bond changed and increased from 3292.85 to 3294.85 cm^-1. In Investigating the FE-SEM images, extract-free zein nanoparticles and zein nanoparticles loaded with date seed extracts had semi-spherical morphology. Overall, the hydrophobic nature of zein carrier caused it to bind with the phenolics of Rabbi date seed extract through non-covalent, van der Waals, hydrogen, and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, it can be used as a strong carrier for the encapsulation of date seed extracts.