tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
Prediction and Astrology in the Middle Persion Texts
1
24
FA
Ma’soumeh
Bagheri Hassan Kiadeh
professor/shahid Bahonar of University
Mahnaz
Heshmati
Gradueted Student/Shahid Bahonar University
It was not just the uneducated human in ancient times who believed in an invisible magic powers in the world, and people have always believed in “ANIMISM” and “FITSH”. From many long time ago, people used to think that some objects, animals, and sky and stars have these invisible magic powers. Because of his little amount of knowledge, he had no chance of understanding the scientific rules that run the world. So he began to believe in the influence of these invisible magic powers over his daily life in order to make reason for bad events of his life or even to prevent them. He had to adjust every little things of his life to these believes. In Iranian religion before Islam, like other ancient religions, many superstitions looked legal and rightful, and also believing in the influence of sky and stars on days and years; in astrology, and in prediction was very usual. In this research, different kinds of prediction according to the middle Persian texts will be studied: prediction based on inspiration, influence of sky and stars on days and years, the things that should be done and not should be done on specific days, soothsaying texts based on numbers in a Zoroastrian Omen Manuscript, including: the number omen with numbers1-5, the omen of JAMASP E HAKIM, and omen of ANAAMOL.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
Secret Languages in Folkloric Culture; The Dialectal Analysis of a Family Secret Language in Mashhad
25
48
FA
Seyed Mohammad
Hosseini-Maasoum
In folkloric culture, sometimes, people tend to speak together in such a way that is vague and unknown to strangers. In such cases, the common code is not sufficient. Thus, some local micro-cultures devise secret codes or argots used in their peer groups (friends, relatives, thieves, gangs, gypsies, prisoners, etc.). These secret codes are mostly based on the common language and dialectal variety, and follow most of its grammatical rules. The primary device for mystifying the language is the application of certain phonological formulae on the words of the common code. While investigating this phenomenon in the folkloric culture, the present study analyzes the grammatical, morphological and phonological features of a secret language spoken by a rather extended family in the city of Mashhad. The language, which still lacks a certain name, is attributed to the Borumand family, which has used it for four or five generations. It is a living language transferred through generations. Some of the words come from Arabic, some from Persian, and many are fabricated words with no particular origin. The language is peculiar to this community of Mashhad, and is not spoken in any other place in Iran and the world.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
The superstition Origins and Its Function
in People's Life
(The Studied Sample: Kerman People's beliefs)
49
78
FA
Ali
Jahanshahi Afshar
mohamad hasan
Shamsodini Motlagh
...
The attitude or behavior, which is not based on logical actions- and cause and effect relations, has irrational origins; it happens due to a person's fear, threat, habits, and the unknown factors which he she believes to prevent the unbecoming events, called “superstition”. An increase in the literacy level and the popular culture in the society leads to a decrease in superstitious beliefs. It must be acknowledged that even modern people cannot reject superstitions, or get rid of them actually. This study has examined the causes of these prevalent beliefs and the way people apply them, via content analysis. Although the prevalence of superstition origins is established on irrational bases, people have applied them to gain benefit by impelling and propagating the folklore, preventing harm by inhibition, alleviation, turning the evil (scapegoat), and empathy.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
Comparative Investigation of the Reflection of Public Culture and Customs in the Works of Saimin Daneshvar
79
104
FA
Najmeh
Dorri
seyed mahdi
Kheirandish
Simin Daneshvar and Ahmed Mahmoud are two contemporary and famous writers who had paid great attention to the culture of the people. Their works are full of various elements of public culture and oral literature, in a way that the names of some of Daneshvar’s works like "Suvashun" and "Bakht Goshaie" are originated from the themes of public culture. Of course, in the works of both of them, there are common cultural themes that are expressed in different ways, and this difference whether expressed in terms of quantity or quality, is evident in the works of both writers. Precision in the way of life, gender, education and awareness and different characters of the two authors can reveal their different manners of expressions, and with these different exceptions, level of precision and national honor, as well as the love and hatred of each one can be diagnosed even at the different fictional space.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
Survey on the mythic Elements in Mystic Narratives
105
130
FA
Hadi
dehghani yazdeli
teacher/farhangian university
timoor
malmir
teacher/tehran university
Myth and archetype represent the universal aspirations and ideas of human. On the other hand, they represent religious experience and exposure to Holy Existence. On this basis, the mystical narratives are the basic vehicle for development and exposure of archetypes and myths. As for symbolism, and the significance of mystical narratives, necessary to interpret for understanding their texts and to obtain narrative functions, we have surveyed three authentic and effective texts of Attar`s Tazkarat-ol-Olya, Hojviri`s Kashf-ol-Mahjoob and Goshairieh’s Resaleh with mythology approach. Because the mystical narratives benefit from all components of the thought and culture sphere of human, especially archetype, we have reviewed, classified and decoded, according to the their texture, have archetypes such as tree, mountains, caves, animals, colors, cycle and center, the names and numbers in the mentioned three texts. This review illustrates that mystical narratives like other areas of human thought, benefit from myth and archetype to achieve its objectives and functions as one of the dominant elements. Based on these features, many mystical narratives use narrative folk or close to their structure. Archetype and myths explain religious experiences in mystical narratives, which are covered in symbolic forms. Although mythological elements have a bond with Holy Existence, they take distinctive color and odor to the mystical narratives, and describe and three stages of birth, death, and rebirth, and encounter with Holy Existence.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
The role of storyteller in the process
of Amoreh folk Stories
131
152
FA
Hasan
Aadelkhani
teacher
Hoseyn
Behzadi AndouhJerdi
Mohammad Saadegh
Farbod
The scientific view and analysis of folk culture causes to the understanding and recognition of nature of internal elements and factors in fluential in the process of oral culture. Storytelling is one of the oldest forms of oral folk literature. In ancient times, the storytellers used to transfer their history, traditions, religion, customs, heroism, and ethnic Pride from one generation to other generation. Basically, the story is created and objected when it is quoted from the language of its narrator. The storyteller or narrator finds his/her ego in the story, and in order to attract the reader or listener, employs the best of his/ her artistic taste and talent to help to further define the story. This cause changes in the structure and content of the story. The present study explores the role of story teller in the formation of the story, and seeks to find the teasons encouraging to make changes in course of creating a story. A note worthy point obsersved the authors during the recording and collecting the collecting the Amureh stories within the last two decades is that there are a huge lurden of various narrations of a single story due to the multiplicity of story tellers and their possible manipulation of the story.
tarbiat modares university
Culture and Folk Literature
2345-4466
2
3
2014
8
1
Literary style of Qazieh in Sadeq Hedayat’s Vagh Vagh Sahab
153
180
FA
Roqayeh
Farahani
Ali reza
Fouladi
Qazieh is comic literary style, which was created by Hedayat in his book “Vagh Vagh Sahab”. Beside its application in comic, Qazieh has not been recognized and followed strongly yet. In Qazieh, we confront with Naghizeh style, but features of language, form and content, make it outstanding. Two aspects of Qazieh that bold its prominence are: First confronting poem in a folksy style, and demolishing rhythm and intentionally. In addition, criticizing the hidden social, cultural, and literal problems of the society makes it unique. This essay re-analyzes Qazieh in Vagh Vagh Sahab, and indicates the methods that Hedayat uses in creating Qazieh.