@article{ author = {SadeghiTahsili, Tahereh and Derikvand, Esmat}, title = {conceptual metaphor in Mir Nowruz Divan}, abstract ={In their contemporary theory of metaphor Lakoff and Johnson do not consider metaphor just linguistic and lexical. Instead they insist on the processes of human thinking which is fundamentally metaphorical by referring to the notion of conceptual metaphors. They divide conceptual metaphors in existential and structural counterparts. Lakoff and Johnson believe that all metaphors as they apply the principle of mapping to model the structures are structural and they are existential as they always create other entities within the realm of the destination. In this sense metaphors of Mir Nowruz divan have been investigated due to the nature of them in terms of territory of origin (in the traditional expression in terms of the nature of the vehicle) which can be divided into the categories of object, material, container etc. The findings of this study show that the poet has applied the directional metaphor to explain his abstract and subjective components. Metaphors which mainly originates from spatial orientations such as up, down, in, out, close, deep, shallow by demonstrating the notions of quantity, quality, joy, sorrow, death, and life. Through this analysis, by referring to the poems of Mir nowrouz, this study also scrutinizes the poetic fragments that are representative of the mentioned features.  }, Keywords = {Conceptual metaphor,Poetry,Mirnowrouz divan}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {1-21}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-6037-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-6037-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zandi, Bahman and Abasi, Bistoo}, title = {The representation of kinship relationships in Persian proverbs}, abstract ={The representation of kinship relationships in Persian proverbs has been studied in this research. Method of the research is descriptive-analytic and during that some proverbs were extracted from the Great Dictionary of Persian Proverbs and those proverbs which were from non-Persian languages and dialects were deleted. Finally, 3332 Persian proverbs relevant to kinship relationships have been received. The proverbs were firstly classified based on kinship mentioned on them and abundance of the proverbs of each kinship received. Then based on Murdock Theory, kinfolks were classified and compared according to the kind of kinship, marriage kinship, blood or half-blood kinship, the degree of kinship, first, second and third degree and far kinship. Gender, generation and decent of kinfolk, gender of self and kind of family were also considered and were set as the basis for comparison of the mentioned kinship in the proverbs. Those proverbs related to the woman (as the wife) are more than the other kinfolks, while those proverbs related to marriage kinship are more than blood and half-blood kinship. After the woman, father has the second place and the child has the third one. Female kinfolks were mentioned more than male kinfolks in the proverbs, but at the same time, the abundance of those proverbs relevant to men kinfolks are more than women kinfolks.}, Keywords = {Sociolinguistics,anthropolinguistics,Proverb,kinship words,Murdock Theory}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {23-60}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-3524-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-3524-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hajiyani, Farrokh and Sayyadkuh, Akbar and HashemiGhalati, Ensiyeh}, title = {Persian storyteller\'s scrolls (Tumars) and folkloric motif}, abstract ={The study of Persian storyteller's scrolls (Tumārs) as written documents of Iranian epic tradition, is sometimes difficult due to their massive volumes and intricate stories. However, dividing these texts into their elements facilitates inter-textual analyses. With the use of the global motif-index of folk literature, a framework will be shaped to index motifs for Tumārs. This motif-index enables easier access to each motif in different narratives, rooting the motifs and analysis of development, evolution, influences and survival of each motif in different eras as well as comparative studies of narratives. This index also will facilitate a basis for analytical and stylistic study of Tumārs according to their motifs. The purpose of this article is to show the consistency of global motif-index with Persian folk tales especially epic tales and a kind of text analysis with this pattern. By indexing motifs of Rostam's seven labors in Haft lashkar, this paper aims to show that the framework of motif-index is consistent with Persian folk narratives and by analyzing the motifs of this tale, some little characteristics of Persian Tumārs are shown. Hence, it highlights the richness of Iranian folk literature and tradition by adding new motifs to the global index. This kind of indexing can be used as a framework for all Persian folktales to manage all those massive stories and for easier access to their contents.}, Keywords = {Tumārs,Folk epic,Motif-index,Haft Lashkar,Haft khan}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {61-81}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-4174-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-4174-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {rooyani, Vahid and Niyazi, Mortez}, title = {Taboo Naming in Iranian folklore and Ferdowsi′s Shahnameh}, abstract ={In the early human thought, the objects or person's names were consistent with his essence, because primitive man thought that the relationship between the name and object or person is not conventional, and the forces of evil can harm him through his name. This vision is not spatially bounded, and there is in all societies and to all of them has been imposed special rules as taboo naming. In Iranian folklore and Shahnameh, we can easily see the following statements: Sometimes the name is same person's essence. This kind of taboo is seen when Rostam speaks about Siavash murderers by Human. Another example of taboo is the choice of two names to escape the magic injury. We can see this kind of taboo in the southern coast of Iran and among Turkmens. In Shahnameh we can see this factor in the story of Ghobad and Shide. The third example of taboo naming is to not say the name in the battlefield. This can be seen in the following two ways in the Shahnameh: 1- to repudiate the name explicitly. 2- to avoid saying the name. The latest example of taboo naming is replacing or renaming, that were used for deceiving spirits and escape from their damage.}, Keywords = {Naming,Taboo,Shahnameh,Folk beliefs,Primitive man}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {83-101}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-6353-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-6353-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hoseini, Maryam and Azimi, Marzieh}, title = {Analysis of Iranian Fairy Tales According to Bruno Bettelheim’s Approach}, abstract ={Bruno Bettelheim (1903/1990), Austrian psychoanalyst and psychologist, explored fairy tales in his famous work, The Uses of Enchantment. Considering Freud’s approach, in this work he analyzed fairy tales and emphasized on the important role of tales in child’s mental developments. Bettelheim’s approach in analyzing fairy tales was based on optimism, pleasure versus reality, vicarious satisfaction versus conscious recognition, externalization, transformations, unifying dual nature, bringing order into chaos, achieving integration, and achieving autonomy. There are a few works on Iranian fairy tales according to comparative-historic, anthropological, and mythic approaches while Freud or Bettelheim’s psychoanalytic approaches has almost no evident part among them. Knowing that there is a wide similarity in fairy tales’ structures, contents, elements, and characters in all over the world, give us the authority to analyze Iranian fairy tales, taking Bettelheim’s point of view and using his doctrines of psychoanalytic analysis. The major task of this research is psychoanalytic analysis of some Iranian fairy tales according to Bruno Bettelheim’s analytical approach in which analysis of characters, symbols and functions displays paradigms of Bettelheim’s approach. Psychoanalytic approach to the study of Iranian fairy tales help us to investigate each single step of child’s development, and provides several fields to study the comparative literature.}, Keywords = {Fairy Tale. Psychoanalytic Analysis. Bruno Bettelheim}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {103-124}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-9178-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-9178-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Baygzade, Khalil and Parvin, Nader}, title = {Manifestation of Emam Reza in the symbolic customs and folklore literature}, abstract ={Iranian culture and literature originate from religious beliefs that deeply connect with Iranian people’s emotions toward innocent fellows especially Imam Reza as well as Iranian culture and folklore literature. The analysis of symbolic customs and Imam Reza’s literature custom in parallel with his personality enrich our beliefs. The symbolic customs and Razavi folklore literature result in; following, identification, coherence, cohesion, decrease in the extent of routine life, the production of hope and happiness in the contemporary age due to educational factors as well as self-confidence, because these factors play an important role in the young ages .This essay is based on context analysis, it examines the symbolic customs including heroic poems to set up flag, to tie scarf, oblation, setting off, souvenir besides folklore literature which includes Lullaby, premium, mourning, sound, people’s tools which are influenced by Razavi culture. It has shown Imam Reza’s personality, his well-known features in Iranian culture and folklore literature.  }, Keywords = {symbolic customs,custom literature,folklore literature,Emam Reza,Razavi culture}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {125-147}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-5697-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-5697-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Noori, Ali and RahimiHarsini, Behnoosh}, title = {Comparison of Bahman Adventure in Ferdowsi\'s Shahnama and Lakish Bahman –o- Faramarz}, abstract ={The story of Bahman in Shahnameh, despite the apparent independence, isn’t an independent narration; and In fact, it is a part of the main story of Rustam and Esfandiar; but the story, independently, becomes the subject of "Bahman-Name" of Iranshah ibn Abelkhayr and "Bahman and Faramarz" of Nowshad of Abolvafa , famous Lak poet in the Safavid era. The adventure of Bahman in Shahnameh is a brief story. In this story, after Bahman's Enthronement, he has attended to his animosity of the house of Rustam. He addressed there to Bahman's enthronement, his campaign in Sistan (to vengeance of Esfandiar), captive of Zal and Faramarz war, and finally, the marriage of Bahman with Homay and his death. But narrative of "Bahman and Faramarz", is the painful tragedy and partial description about oppressed death of Faramarz. This verse book begins with a description of Faramarz's bravery; narrates Bahman's Unequal battle with him and after describing his deplorable death, describes the story of revenge of Azar borzin in a beautiful and effective narrative voice. In this paper, we are going to analyze and compare the similarities and differences between the narrative of Ferdowsi and the influence of Ferdowsi of Nowshad and also show the degree of Nowshad's independence from Ferdowsi and finally, the particular characteristics of the verse book "Bahman and Faramarz" of Nowshad. Overall, the differences between "Bahman and Faramarz" of Nowshad and Ferdowsi's narrative, are more than their similarities. }, Keywords = {Bahman and Faramarz","Azar Borzin","Laki Poetry","Nowshad of Abolvafa","Shahnameh"}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {149-176}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-7935-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-7935-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rafifar, Jalaledin and Chavoshi, Seyed Mohamm}, title = {The Evaluation of Mythical Symbols on Sangesari Objects and Manual Arts}, abstract ={The nomadic clans of Sangesari are one of the most ancient Iranian peoples whose subsistence is predominantly based on wandering based pastoralism and some of them are still faithfully living in this manner. The goal of this essay is to assess the cultural perpetuation via historical and radical pursuit of the mythical and symbolic features that Sangesari women have traditionally created on many kinds of manual arts especially on woven and ornaments. The cultural entity of any people is substantially historic in which the main discussion is performed around the concept of continuity. Thus, without a paleontology of cultural elements, we cannot make a complete and comprehensive knowledge about culture, since the cultural cognition of any people or group depends on radical and historical investigations. The research method in this study is based on documents and texts and direct observations to Sangesari manual arts.}, Keywords = {Sangesari tribe,Mitra,Cultural perpetuation,myth,Izad Bahram}, volume = {4}, Number = {9}, pages = {177-198}, publisher = {tarbiat modares university}, url = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-7576-en.html}, eprint = {http://cfl.modares.ac.ir/article-11-7576-en.pdf}, journal = {Culture and Folk Literature}, issn = {2345-4466}, eissn = {2423-7000}, year = {2016} }